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Dyeing to Learn More About Marine Viruses

Tagging strategy allows for population surveys The sheer volume of cyanobacteria in the oceans makes them major players in the global carbon cycle and responsible for as much as a third of the carbon fixed. These photosynthetic microbes, which include Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, are tiny – as many as 100 million cells can be found… [Read More]

Soil microbiomes can set plant flowering time

Scientists study particular response to environment and its effect upon phenotype. The Science: Scientists grew Boechera stricta plants in soil inoculated with microbes from natural B. stricta habitats to study the flowering time phenotype. The Impact: The technique researchers employed to isolate soil microbes to study their effect on a single plant phenotype can potentially… [Read More]

Treading into a Gray Area Along the Spectrum of Wood Decay Fungi

One of the most basic rules for playing the game “Twenty Questions” is that all of the questions must be definitively answered by either “yes” or “no.” The exchange of information allows the players to correctly guess the item in question. Fungal researchers have been using a variation of Twenty Questions to determine if wood-decaying… [Read More]

Detecting evidence of selection

Genome-wide scan of maize population finds genes affected by long-term artificial selection. The Science: Researchers conducted a genome-wide scan of a long-term maize breeding study to find the genes involved in increasing the number of ears per maize plant. The Impact: The study demonstrates how significantly reduced costs associated with sequencing and the ability to… [Read More]

IDing Livestock Gut Microbes Contributing to Greenhouse Gas Emissions

“Increased to levels unprecedented” is how the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) described the rise of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions in their report on the physical science basis of climate change in 2013.  According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the atmospheric concentration of methane, a greenhouse gas some 28… [Read More]

Eucalyptus—A Global Tree for Fuel and Fiber

From antiseptic oils to the construction of didgeridoos, the traditional Australian Aboriginal wind instrument, the eucalyptus tree serves myriad purposes, accounting for its status as one of the world’s most widely planted hardwood trees. Its prodigious growth habit has caught the eyes of researchers seeking to harness and improve upon Eucalyptus’ potential for enhancing sustainable… [Read More]

When a stop sign is not interpreted as “stop”

Microbes disprove long-held assumption that all organisms share a common vocabulary. The Science: Through single-cell genomics and metagenomics, researchers exploring the planet’s microbial diversity have found that not all organisms interpret a series of short genetic sequences to mean the same thing. The Impact: The ability to study microbes in the wild helps researchers realize… [Read More]

Retracing early cultivation steps: Lessons from comparing citrus genomes

Citrus is the world’s most widely cultivated fruit crop. In the U.S. alone, the citrus crop was valued at over $3.1 billion in 2013.  Originally domesticated in Southeast Asia thousands of years ago before spreading throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas via trade, citrus is now under attack from citrus greening, an insidious emerging infectious… [Read More]

Lessons from the permafrost microbiome

A review of studies to better understand effects of climate change on microbial activities. The Science: Researchers are harnessing strategies including metagenomics to learn more about the microbial communities in permafrost and their current and potential responses to climate change. The Impact: Researchers estimate that permafrost covers a quarter of the plant’s land area, and… [Read More]