Samples of Margulisbacteria were collected at a number of locations, including Rifle, Colo., (left) and from the Gulf of Maine off the coast of Boothbay Harbor, Maine (right). (Image of Rifle, Colo. sampling site by Roy Kaltschmidt, Berkeley Lab. Image of sunset over the Gulf of Maine by NASA/SABOR/Wayne Slade, Sequoia Scientific, Flickr CC BY 2.0)